Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
97%
Adadin Gano Kutsawa cikin Tsaro
2.3s
Jinkirin Tsarin
25%
Rage Farashi
1 Gabatarwa
Tsarin zaɓen lantarki ya sami ƙaruwa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana ba da sauƙi da ingantacciyar aiki fiye da hanyoyin zaɓe na gargajiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan dandamalin dijital suna fuskantar ƙaruwar barazanar tsaro ta kan yanar gizo, gami da keta bayanai da kuma magudin zaɓe. Hanyoyin sirri na gargajiya suna ba da tsaro na asali amma suna fama da daidaitawa ga ƙwararrun hare-hare masu tasowa.
Fasahar Blockchain ta fito a matsayin mafita mai ban sha'awa, tana ba da rashin canzawa, bayyana gaskiya, da kuma damar yin ma'amaloli masu tsaro. Duk da waɗannan fa'idodin, mafita na Blockchain kawai suna raunana ga hare-hare daban-daban na yanar gizo da matsalolin haɓakawa yayin da adadin mahalarta ke ƙaruwa.
2 Ayyukan Da Suka Gabata
Binciken da ya gabata ya binciki aikace-aikacen Blockchain a cikin tsarin zaɓen lantarki, tare da shahararrun ayyuka da suka yi amfani da algorithms na Tabbacin Hannun Jari (PoS) don haɓaka tsaro da inganci. Duk da haka, waɗannan mafita sau da yawa ba su da damar daidaitawa don yin tasiri ga barazanar yanar gizo masu tasowa.
Algorithms na AI da ML, gami da dajin bazuwar (Random Forest), injunan tallafi vector (SVM), da hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi, sun nuna gagarumin yuwuwar a aikace-aikacen tsaron kan yanar gizo. Fasahar IoT kuma ta nuna alƙawari a cikin aikin sa ido na ainihi da damar tattara bayanai.
3 Tsarin Tsaro-Tech Guda Uku
Tsaro-Tech Guda Uku yana wakiltar haɗin kai na fasahohi guda uku na asali don ƙirƙirar cikakken tsarin tsaro don tsarin zaɓen lantarki.
3.1 Canjaɗaɗɗiyar Blockchain na Tabbacin Hannun Jari (PoS)
Tsarin yana amfani da canjaɗaɗɗiyar algorithm ɗin Blockchain na PoS wanda ya haɗa da ingantattun fasalulluka na tsaro waɗanda aka ƙera musamman don tsarin zaɓe. Canjin ya haɗa da:
- Ma'auni mai ƙarfi na hannun jari bisa ga tabbacin mai jefa ƙuri'a
- Hanyar yarjejeniya mai yawa
- Haɗin kai na kimanta barazana a ainihin lokaci
3.2 Gano Bambance-bambance ta Hanyar Daji na Bazuwar (Random Forest)
Samfurin ML na Dajin Bazuwar yana ba da damar gano bambance-bambance a ainihin lokaci. Samfurin yana sarrafa rafukan bayanai da yawa lokaci guda don gano yuwuwar kutsawa cikin tsaro tare da babban daidaito.
3.3 Tattara Bayanai ta IoT tare da MQTT
Tsarin yana amfani da ka'idar MQTT don tattara bayanai na tushen IoT, yana ba da damar sa ido a ainihin lokaci na kayayyakin more rayuwar zaɓe da kuma abubuwan muhalli waɗanda zasu iya nuna barazanar tsaro.
4 Aiwarar da Fasaha
4.1 Tushen Lissafi
Algorithm ɗin Dajin Bazuwar yana amfani da koyo na gamayya tare da bishiyoyi na yanke shawara da yawa. Aikin tsinkaya ana iya wakilta shi kamar haka:
$\hat{f}(x) = \frac{1}{B} \sum_{b=1}^{B} T_b(x)$
inda $B$ ke wakiltar adadin bishiyoyi, $T_b(x)$ shine tsinkaya daga bishiyar $b$, kuma $x$ shine vector ɗin fasalin shigarwa.
Canjaɗaɗɗiyar yarjejeniyar PoS ta haɗa da maki na tsaro:
$S_i = w_1 \cdot V_i + w_2 \cdot R_i + w_3 \cdot T_i$
inda $S_i$ shine makin tsaro don kumburin $i$, $V_i$ yana wakiltar matsayin tabbaci, $R_i$ shine ma'aunin dogaro, kuma $T_i$ shine makin kimanta barazana.
4.2 Aiwarar da Lambar (Code)
class SecureVotingSystem:
def __init__(self):
self.blockchain = ModifiedPoSBlockchain()
self.anomaly_detector = RandomForestModel()
self.iot_controller = MQTTController()
def process_vote(self, vote_data):
# Gano bambance-bambance a ainihin lokaci
anomaly_score = self.anomaly_detector.predict(vote_data)
if anomaly_score < THRESHOLD:
# Sarrafa ma'amala mai tsaro
tx_hash = self.blockchain.add_transaction(vote_data)
self.iot_controller.log_security_event(tx_hash)
return tx_hash
else:
self.trigger_security_alert(vote_data)
return None
class RandomForestModel:
def __init__(self, n_estimators=100):
self.n_estimators = n_estimators
self.model = self._build_model()
def _build_model(self):
return RandomForestClassifier(
n_estimators=self.n_estimators,
max_depth=10,
min_samples_split=5
)5 Sakamakon Gwaji
Tsarin da aka haɗa ya nuna mafi girman aiki idan aka kwatanta da mafita na Blockchain kawai a cikin ma'auni da yawa:
- Gano Kutsawa cikin Tsaro: Adadin gano kashi 97%, wanda ya fi na tsarin gargajiya girma sosai
- Jinkirin Tsarin: An rage shi zuwa dakika 2.3, wanda ke wakiltar haɓaka kashi 30%
- Kuɗin Aiki: Rage kashi 25% ta hanyar ingantaccen rabon albarkatu
Algorithm ɗin Dajin Bazuwar ya sami aiki na musamman wajen gano ƙwararrun tsarin kai hari, yayin da haɗin IoT ya ba da damar rage barazana ta hanyar sa ido na muhalli a ainihin lokaci.
6 Bincike na Asali
Tsarin Tsaro-Tech Guda Uku yana wakiltar babban ci gaba a cikin tsaron zaɓen lantarki ta hanyar magance iyakokin mafita na fasaha guda ɗaya. Tsarin Blockchain na gargajiya, duk da yana ba da rashin canzawa da bayyana gaskiya, ba su da damar daidaitawa don yaƙi da barazanoni masu tasowa. An rubuta wannan iyaka sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen tsaron kan yanar gizo, inda hanyoyin kariya na tsaye suka ci gaba da kasawa a gaban hanyoyin kai hari masu ƙarfi (Anderson, 2020).
Haɗin kai na injin koyo, musamman algorithm ɗin Dajin Bazuwar, yana gabatar da damar da ake buƙata sosai ga tsarin tsaro. Kama da yadda CycleGAN (Zhu et al., 2017) ya nuna ƙarfin tsarin koyo biyu a cikin sarrafar hoto, tsarin Guda Uku yana amfani da fasahohi masu haɗin kai da yawa don ƙirƙirar mafi ƙarfin yanayin tsaro. Adadin gano kutsawa na kashi 97% ya fi na tsarin gano sa hannu na gargajiya, waɗanda galibi suna samun daidaito kashi 80-85 bisa ga tsarin tsaron kan yanar gizo na NIST.
Bangaren IoT yana magance babban gibi a cikin tsaron tsarin zaɓe ta hanyar ba da damar sa ido na muhalli a ainihin lokaci. Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da ƙa'idodin kariya a cikin zurfi waɗanda manyan ƙungiyoyin tsaro kamar Cibiyar SANS suka ba da shawarar, inda yadudduka da yawa na kariya suka haifar da cikakken ɗaukar hoto na tsaro. Aiwarar da ka'idar MQTT ta bi mafi kyawun ayyukan masana'antu don tsaron IoT kamar yadda aka zayyana a cikin jagororin tsaron IoT na OWASP.
Daga mahangar fasaha, ƙirar lissafi tana nuna fahimtar ƙwararru na koyo na gamayya da hanyoyin yarjejeniya. Tsarin maki na tsaro ya haɗa da abubuwa masu yawa masu nauyi, kama da tsarin tabbacin ainihi mai yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin tsaron banki. Rage jinkiri na kashi 30% yana da ban sha'awa musamman idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarin lissafin kwamfuta da aka saba danganta da sarrafa Blockchain da ML.
Wannan bincike yana ba da gudummawa ga girma na shaidar da ke goyon bayan hanyoyin tsaro na gauraye. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin wallafe-wallafen tsaro na IEEE na baya-bayan nan, mafita na tsaron kan yanar gizo na gaba za su ƙara dogaro da hanyoyin fasaha da aka haɗa maimakon aiwatar da mafita guda ɗaya.
7 Ayyuka na Gaba
Tsarin Tsaro-Tech Guda Uku yana da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa bayan tsarin zaɓen lantarki:
- Tsarin Kuɗi: Sarrafa ma'amaloli masu tsaro da gano zamba
- Kiwon Lafiya: Kare bayanan likita da sarrafa bayanan majiyyaci
- Sarkar Wadata: Bin diddigin kayan aiki mai bayyana gaskiya da tsaro
- Ayyukan Gwamnati: Tabbacin ainihin ainihi na dijital da takardu
Hanyoyin bincike na gaba sun haɗa da:
- Haɗin kai tare da sirrin sirri mai jurewa quantum
- Haɓaka hanyoyin koyo na tarayya don haɓaka sirri
- Binciken haɗin kai na hanyar sadarwa ta 5G/6G don ingantaccen aikin IoT
- Aiwatar da AI mai bayyanawa don yanke shawara na tsaro a bayyane
8 Nassoshi
- Anderson, R. (2020). Injiniyan Tsaro: Jagora don Gina Tsarin Raba Raba masu Dogaro. Wiley.
- Zhu, J. Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna zuwa Hotuna maras Biyu ta Amfani da Cibiyoyin Adawa na Zagayowar Daidaitacce. Taron Kasa da Kasa na IEEE akan Kwamfutar Kwamfuta.
- Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasa. (2021). Tsarin Tsaron Yanar Gizo Sigar 1.1.
- Gidauniyar OWASP. (2022). Jagororin Tsaron IoT.
- Cibiyar SANS. (2023). Kariya cikin Zurfi: Dabarun Rufe Tsaro.
- Jaridar Tsaro & Sirri ta IEEE. (2023). Hanyoyin Tsaro na Gauraye don Kayayyakin More Rayuwa na Dijital na Zamani.
- Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
- Breiman, L. (2001). Dazuzzuka na Bazuwar. Koyon Injin, 45(1), 5-32.